Also you mentioned Isaac Deutscher. Interestingly enough I am in the middle of his most famous work, the three volume biography of his hero Leon Trotsky. (The Prophet Armed, The Prophet Unarmed, and The Prophet Outcast, I'm on the middle book) Trotsky believed there was a place in Communist society for non-communists, for those who did not tow the party line. It sounds like Deutscher's own views regarding non-jews and judaism that you refer to may have been infuenced by his Trotskyism.

In these books, Deutscher portrays Trotsky as a great thinker and political activist, who turned out to be too idealistic for his times, and too unrealistic about the costs and purity of his ideals. It comes across as a cautionary tale for anyone who becomes active politically, seeks power for his cause and holds to the belief that reason and ideology will trump ego and personal ambitions when it comes to what to do with that power. Trotsky was like many of us who push political causes and volunteer for campaigns, headstrong and certain of his cause, and convinced that the issues and the moral convictions behind the cause were all that mattered. We all have this idea that if we get our own kind in power, people who believe what we believe and think like we think, that all will be good. Trotsky's experience is testament to the reality that in real life it just doesn't often happen that way. He won his campaign (in this case the russian civil war) and got his people in power. But it didn't turn out like he dreamed. Trotsky came to realize, too late as it turns out, that the lust for power and personal ambition all too often end up mattering more than issues and philosophies, and can push people to make compromise and away from their ideals and away from noble causes.