Survey - Building Automation / IT security / Privacy / FDD state of the art / Energy Efficiency / Grid / Demand Response

OK folks, I offer a chance to be heard and influence the conversation.

In today’s world we have some difficult energy related circumstances. In the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning business, the Engineers who work behind the scenes to design build and maintain our buildings and energy infrastructure are working hard to ensure a safe, healthful and sustainable future for us to enjoy.

HVAC for our air conditioning is a major if not dominant portion of the load on our electrical grid. The grid for purpose defined as both Electrical Generation and Distribution. The sad fact is very few new power plants have been built in the last decades, so while electrical demand has increased greatly, the legacy generation base has aged with no significant replacement of these generating resources. On top of that the distribution systems that include high tension cables, transformer stations, local transformers and all the relays sensors and automated controls that go into making it all flow are also aging. Coupled with that is the regular mundane maintenance of clearing trees and brush along the power lines which although manageable, costs a fair amount of money. We should make note that part of the root cause of the Great East Coast / Midwest Blackout (just a name I invented) was caused by lack of proper tree maintenance.

We should also not forget the California draconian regulation that led to the rise and fall of Enron, and the rolling blackouts of the not to distant past.

We are at a point where because generation and transport capacity will not make demand, at least on an occasional peak event (summer cooling), California for starters is mandating the customers submit to forced denial of electrical service. This will be done starting in 2007 (if I have the dates correct). The way it will be done was still being worked out from the technical level as this article was being written, but to sum it up basically in order to prevent the grid from going down the power Companies with be able to automatically cut off power to the air condition of homes and possibly businesses. This is going to happen in California, maybe some other States, maybe voluntary, maybe mandatory – guaranteed to be variable from State to State and market to market.

What is being done and what can we do?

Energy efficiency is a big (huge) opportunity from a building dynamics operation perspective.

The engineers and scientists have been researching for a long tome various load shedding methods to reduce electrical demand not only at peak times, but also over all. Research has shown that with proper operation a building can be operated in a more efficient behavior and cut electrical use, which can save money for the building owner and also take pressure off the utility to supply enough juice to keep the grid stable.

Many of these methods have their roots in a computerized building automation system. And with the advent of the Internet and other enabling communication technologies – the utility will be able to operate the building via remote control in the event of a crisis. In non-crises times, Engineering Services providers can access computerized building control systems and operate the building for the owner in more efficient way, which result in energy savings.

Taken a step further the computerized building affords the opportunities for Fault Detection and Diagnostics routines running in the background, which help to make the maintenance of building ms more effective. This opens the door to saving money by operating the building in a “tuned” fashion, saving money on maintenance efforts, and also – at the end of the day providing greater occupant satisfaction.

The above comments are relevant to homes, office buildings, stores, and schools, ALL BUIDLINGS.

After all, at the end of the day we don’t want to be cold, we don’t want to hot – the best running building is invisible.

There are many issues to move forward with these technologies, initial cost, technological complexity and the population of qualified technicians to install operate and maintain these computerized systems, PRIVACY. There are many more issues and details to explore, more to follow as these technologies move from the labs to the field.

Purpose of this discussion is to explore ideas and opinions with regard to our electrical energy infrastructure, and the coming practice of Electrical Utilities ability to provide power during peak load conditions. We are specifically looking at the coming legislation in California and other states, which allow the utilities to cut off service to residential, and commercial air condition customers.

Inherently these outages will occur during peak load conditions, which in simple terms means that when the air conditioning is needed most, it will be cut off. The intention is to reduce loads during these far and few between times and in doing so prevent rolling black outs.

We also need to consider underlying issues, which directly influence the bigger picture.

There are bigger picture issues at play for example:

1) Climate change and increasing air conditioning loads beyond the ones we currently see.

2) The precarious situation of projected shortfalls in US electricity generating capacity in the coming years.

3) International oil markets which influences the very base of out cost structure to produce electricity, as fossil fuels are the vast majority of methods, and likely will be for at least the coming generation if not loinger.

I will explore building operations practices and various other issues at a later time, but for now I wish to expand a little on recent developments in the world fossil fuel game.

Not long ago China signed a strategic off shore petroleum development pact with Venezuela. Those of you who read the news know the US is not on the best of terms with Hugo Chavez, the current head of State in this South American country:

Pipeline deal to get oil to a Pacific Port: http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/news.php?newsno=1312

BBC News Report on Oil Deal: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4123465.stm

To continue considering pressure on US energy stability, last year China signed a strategic petroleum development with Saudi Arabia: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10989062/from/RSS/

As we consider our society needs to keep the lights on, and the buildings we live work and play in cool during hreat waves, and warm in winter, lets keep in mind the US Tresury is pretty stretched and when it comes tothe commodity market, those with money buy, those without funding go without.

I'm not prepared to share publicly what committes(s) I set on and am activly involved with at the Regional and National level with a focus on Building Operations and Sustainabilty, but these issues are at the forefront of the Federal, State and association levels (AIA ASHRAE USGBC etc etc).

Anyone care to offer viewpoints and or suggestions of how we can go forward in a responsible fashion?


SteamGeek's picture

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SteamGeek's picture

For folks who want to learn

A basic introduction for further research can be found here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_response

Keep in mind that current technology in place and working in California is to use an Ethernet (Internet) signal over the power lines, thru the service meter, and allow the Utility Control Center to communicate with the thermostat temp setting and the AC on / off relay (homes and busineses). That would be automated computer control by neighborhood, city, or utility wide. The idea is to be able to control millions of homes in block fashion in order to maintain the grid.

(Among other methods,ie wireless etc etc)

Pilot project, stay tuned for roll out.


mole333's picture

Good points

I like this better than your "poll" which remdinds me of push polling.

These are very real issues and buildings can be made much more efficiently. Plus we have considerable untapped, local resources we can and should draw on.

Some of the issues you bring up already exist. Rolling black outs and frequent "brown outs" in NYC during peak times are already ways in which utilities regulate our usage. And it sucks, of course. It is symptomatic of the whole energy problem. I advocate local, renewable energy solutions because they create local jobs, cut down on the transportation costs for energy (e.g. why bring coal to Nevada from West Virginia when they have their own geothermal and wind generating capabilities that are underutilized?). Building efficiency is another excellent approach. There are many pieces of the solution that America needs to be put into practice to avoid increasing climate-related problems. A combining of good environmental and good economic policy is what I have long recommended. I think it can be done and will make a difference.

As to the right to regulate your own living space, New Yorkers and anyone else with steam heat in a large building have never had that right, by and large. This applies to the winter, not summer AC use which each unit tends to deal with independently. Invariably in winter I swelter in over-heated buildings. Though the sitution improved in my building when we realized our managing agent was lame and we fired them and turned to self-managing. They had never recalibrated our boiler! Recalibration improved the situation. That one simple action, a low tech version of what you are discussing, saved us money and increased our comfort.

Good to have an engineering point of view on these things, even if we are set to disagree on other things.


SteamGeek's picture

Generating capacity?

Mole333, perhaps can provide a technical analysis of the megawatt generating capacity of the "renewables" you propose that will replace generating plants as they go off line due to old age and increased CO2 politics?

Perhaps break it down by catagory such as Windmill, Solar, FuelCell ( fossil fuel? ), Biomass, any others you propose?

Perhaps also outline the other logistics factors such as location of Windmill Farms, will they be located in what proximity to NYC? How many square feet / acres of solar panels will be located at what locations?

What other factors do we need to consider to keep NYC street lights on in order to keep civil order and violent crime under control, not to mention comfort AC, water pumping for sewer and potable water, communications systems, refrigeration to maintain food preservation and distribution, fuel depots to maintain various transport, etc etc

I'm truly curious what solutions to these challenges you can offer because I for one am continually baffled by the promises being made by politicains, and demanded by the Environmental Lobbys - yet seem to me to be a little beyond current technology.

Perhaps as you provide your anaysis also indicate time for roll out and implementation.

Feel free to provide any supplemental references that are available, as I try to keep a rather extensive library on this type of stuff.

Its a 20 year hobby for me so I'm just curious about the answers, and I suspect our readers would like to know what our options are so we can get to work and make things happen.


mole333's picture

More or less reasonable question

I'd be curious about much of this, too, though only parts of it are exactly relavent to my response.

I am advocating active efforts to IMPROVE the situation, not completely replace all in one shot. You are asking me to outline the ideal situation, which of course I hope will happen! But my advocacy is for us to stop sitting on our asses waiting for tropical diseases to continue their creep into temperate latitudes, more storm surges, more floods, more storms, chunks of our agriculture to move to Candada, our ski industry to become largely extinct, etc. I am advocating starting to shift to policies that stop "waiting and seeing" and start acting. We don't have to replace everything at once, we just have to start improving where we can. In the process we can create new technology (that's been something America sure USED to be good at), perhaps revive manufacturing by becoming a world producer of green energy technology, increase efficiency of consumer items (plenty of existing technology underused here), exploit geothermal where available, wind where available, biomass where appropriate...even, with some improvements, solar in some areas.

I have heard the "we don't have the technology" arguement for 25 yearas now. Too bad we didn't put more effort into DEVELOPING the technology back then...perhaps a fraction of the effort we put into new weapons technology. But even without sane effort back then, back in 1995 I was reading an article in Scientific American describing how wind energy projects using existing technology at that time could turn the Great Plains states into major energy exporters. Well, shit THAT would be a nice step. Even if it could, for whatever practical reasons, not be 100% put into effect, it would be PROGRESS...AND create jobs locally. I hear from Iowa farmers directly the progress being made in generating wind energy on farms, creating revenue for struggling farmers as well as energy for the grid. I mentioned Nevada which is being asked to build a polluting coal plant that requires transport of coal from West Virginia to Nevada rather than building an euqivalent (so the claims go!) amount of geothermal and wind generation. And that energy isn't destined for Nevada but for Southern California. Instead of makind progress, we continue to make the same old mistakes. Hell I am even open to some of the solutions most environmentalists won't even consider: garbage to energy plants if it can be done reasonably. Put Freshkills to work!

You outline in considerable detail the exact kinds of things that need to be worked out. But you are not outlining what I advocate...or more precisely you are outlining the IDEAL of what I advocate. I do hope we can do that. But a concerted effort to simply move in the right direction is what I advocate. The pay off is environmental AND economic, provides more local solutions in most cases, and hopefully would create a more flexible infrastructure for new technology to fit into.

I started looking up the megawattage of the geothermal company I invest in, the wind generating projects I have discussed in the past, the proposed green alternative in Nevada, the estimates of what better use of efficient lighting and recycling would save, etc. And I would continue to do so if I had more time because it is a good exercise. But it wasn't really my point. My point is that we have to stop saying we are helpless and start doing something. America has done it before and we can do it now if we stop convincing ourselves we are too weak and helpless to make changes. I agree the changes can't be draconian or too much of a burden. But things like shifting subsidies from oil to wind power, making compact fluorescents tax free to lower the price, etc. SHOULD BE DONE. But we haven't done them. I advocate starting to do them.


SteamGeek's picture

That's progress, thank you

Now we're discussing the issues instead of arguing which side of the Global Warming discussion is hype vs reality, and who's opinion should be discounted if we don't agree.

Just as the reader linked to an external blog post the other day, it really doesn't matter because if the challenges we face separately are not addressed they will be the downfall of our societal infrastructure.

This is exactly the focus of why I explore the material - because if one believes the hype it appears we're all going to die tomorrow, or at least or children will in their time.

This hype as presented to the American Public is exactly the disservice I speak to, in that it not only distorts and misleads public opinion, but also "loosens up" hard working Americans to be exploited by false advertising and "rushed to market" unproven technology.

The reason the above "renewable" technologies haven't been brought forward at the wholesale level is because they were not cost effective. On a supplemental basis here and there some make sense, however the large generating capacity numbers needed to power our society are just not available by these renewable methods. We aren't socialist Europe, in a free market system if a product cant stand on its merits, it does not generally move forward and this includes power production.

I cant say why during the Clinton Presidency NOTHING was done to move forward new generating capacity with proven safe and environmentally friendly technology and modernizing the distribution grid. I also cant say why during the Clinton Presidency NOTHING was done to address gross deficiencies fuel refinery capacity and distribution systems. I can say it MIGHT be because the environmental lobby held more sway than rational thinking. I can also say its a JOKE that the same folks who stopped progress for 8 years, now point fingers at the current administration and blame BUSH II for in-action.

Perhaps going into Iraq is the best explanation why we haven't dealt with these domestic challenges. Mistake that that was for many separate reasons.

When it comes to power producing technology at the wholesale level, the cost of oil dictates the common sense. We have enough oil in US and Canadian shale deposits to last us for generations, the cost to extract being both the thing that held it back as well as the opportunity if OPEC continues to maintain high prices. The Saudis are smart, if we move forward with oil shale in an aggressive fashion, the price will miraculously come down and I wouldn't be surprise if any "suggested shortage" suddenly rectifies.

Of course OIL is evil. It's odd how some view our life blood as a bad thing.

The US will use less electric grid demand as manufacturing continues leaving the country in droves, but this just means Mexico and China and other foreign countries will increase electric production, perhaps by far less "environmentally friendly" means as we would.

It might also be worth looking at why we want to beat up domestic based oil companies (ExxonMobil) by way of tax structure penalties and propaganda, yet at what point are we making it easier for the foreign competitors such as UK's BP, the Netherlands Royal Dutch Shell, France's Total, Venezuela's Total, and Russia's Yukos?

As someone with over 20 years of actively watching this situation develop, I can't tell the difference between ExxonMobil's self serving tactics, and those of the environmental lobby (lawyers). This being the case, how can we expect Joe normal hard working American to separate the myth from he real facts? Both sides are guilty of doing we citizens a disservice and should be held accountable when laws or ethics are broken.

AT LEAST in the court of public opinion.

Why is it so easy to make life extraordinarily difficult for our own national assets, when we make it extra easy for those of foreign countries? This method is damaging to our national interests and it makes no sense whatsoever.

We have our work cut out for us, perhaps we can explore the challenges based on reason and objective analyses, instead of overdone hype and propaganda - our environmental lobby media is confusing and misleading the American public and unless we get busy talking about it we could easily go down the wrong path with no real benefit and HUGE opportunity cost.

How is the repayment of funds "borrowed" from the Social Security trust fund coming along lately anyway?

(typos corected, no change to content)


Tara Parks's picture

ok, i am learning. thanks

ok, i am learning. thanks for the post.


Cpt Blood's picture

watching with interest

What happens in US comes to oz eventually(my company is loosely based on enron...gulp)


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